DIFF 5
FORMULA TeF4
FORMHTM TeF<sub><small>4</small></sub>
NEUTRAL
CENTRAL NTe  
Q1 &nbsp;&nbsp;Which of the 3 geometries shown are equivalent?<br>
FIG1 TeF4_isomers.gif
Q2 &nbsp;&nbsp;Which geometry is observed for this compound? Explain.<br>
FIG2 
DIFF 5
FORMULA [ClF4]-
FORMHTM [ClF<sub><small>4</small></sub>]<sup><small>&minus;</small></sup>
NEUTRAL
CENTRAL ACl - 
Q1 &nbsp;&nbsp;Which of the the three geometries shown are equivalent?<br>
FIG1 ClF4-_isomers.gif
Q2 &nbsp;&nbsp;Which geometry represents that of [ClF<sub><small>4</small></sub>]<sup><small>-</small></sup> ?<br>
FIG2 
DIFF 5
FORMULA [AsF4]-
FORMHTM [AsF<sub><small>4</small></sub>]<sup><small>&minus;</small></sup>
NEUTRAL
CENTRAL AAs - 
Q1 &nbsp;&nbsp;Which of the three geometries shown are equivalent?<br>
FIG1 AsF4-_isomers.gif
Q2 &nbsp;&nbsp;Which is the most probable geometry of [AsF<sub<small>4</small></sub>]<sup><small>&minus;</small></sup> ?<br>
FIG2 
DIFF 4
FORMULA KNO3
FORMHTM KNO<sub><small>3</small></sub>
ANION [NO3]-
CENTRAL AN  + 
Q1 &nbsp;&nbsp;Is the [NO<sub><small>3</small></sub>]<sup><small>&minus;</small></sup> ion isoelectronic with [CO<sub><small>3</small></sub>]<sup><small>2-</small></sup> and/or [SO<sub><small>3</small></sub>]<sup><small>2-</small></sup> ?<br>
FIG1 none
Q2 &nbsp;&nbsp;Give another molecule or ion which is isoelectronic with nitrate.<br>
R2
DIFF 4
FORMULA XeF4
FORMHTM XeF<sub><small>4</small></sub>
NEUTRAL
CENTRAL NXe  
Q1 &nbsp;&nbsp;Which diagrams show identical geometries?<br>
FIG1 XeF4_isomers.gif 
Q2 &nbsp;&nbsp;Which of the geometries would XeF<sub><small>4</small></sub> adopt ?<br>
FIG2 
DIFF 4
FORMULA XeF2
FORMHTM XeF<sub><small>2</small></sub>
NEUTRAL
CENTRAL NXe  
Q1 &nbsp;&nbsp;Are the three diagrams shown as possible geometries all different?<br>
FIG1 XeF2_isomers.gif
Q2 &nbsp;&nbsp;Which diagram(s) best represent the preferred structure of XeF<sub><small>2</small></sub>?<br>
FIG2 
DIFF 4
FORMULA IF3
FORMHTM IF<sub><small>3</small></sub>
NEUTRAL
CENTRAL NI   
Q1 &nbsp;&nbsp;Which of the geometries shown do you think is most probable?<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(Bond orders and lone pairs, if any, are not shown)<br>
FIG1 IF3_isomers.gif
Q2 &nbsp;&nbsp;Will the smallest F&minus;I&minus;F angle of your chosen structure really be<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;equal to 90<sup><small>o</small></sup>, or less than 90<sup><small>o</small></sup>, or greater than 90<sup><small>o</small></sup> ?<br>
FIG2
DIFF 4
FORMULA [BrCl2]-
FORMHTM [BrCl<sub><small>2</small></sub>]<sup><small>&minus;</small></sup>
NEUTRAL
CENTRAL ABr - 
Q1 &nbsp;&nbsp;Which of the geometries shown do you think is most probable?<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(Bond orders and lone pairs, if any, are not shown)<br>
FIG1 BrCl2-_isomers.gif
Q2 &nbsp;&nbsp;Will the Cl-Br-Cl angle of your chosen structure really be equal to<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the angle shown?<br>
FIG2
DIFF 4
FORMULA [HPO3]2-
FORMHTM [HPO<sub><small>3</small></sub>]<sup><small>2-</small></sup>
NEUTRAL
CENTRAL AP   
Q1 &nbsp;&nbsp;What is the formal oxidation state of the phosphorus in this ion?<br>
FIG1 none
Q2 &nbsp;&nbsp;What is the phosphorus - oxygen bond order in your Lewis structure?<br>
FIG2 3
DIFF 3
FORMULA NaNO2
FORMHTM NaNO<sub><small>2</small></sub>
ANION [NO2]-
CENTRAL AN   
Q1 &nbsp;&nbsp;Is the NO<sub><small>2</small></sub><sup><small>&minus;</small></sup> ion isoelectronic with CO<sub><small>2</small></sub> or O<sub><small>3</small></sub>?<br>
FIG1 none
Q2 &nbsp;&nbsp;Distinguish between the terms "nitro" and "nitroso".<br>
FIG2
DIFF 3
FORMULA SO3
FORMHTM SO<sub><small>3</small></sub>
NEUTRAL
CENTRAL NS   
Q1 &nbsp;&nbsp;This molecule is the same shape as [CO<sub><small>3</small></sub>]<sup><small>2-</small></sup> but are they isoelectronic?<br>
FIG1 none
Q2 &nbsp;&nbsp;How about the (non-existant) ion, PO<sub><small>3</small></sub><sup><small>3&minus;</small></sup> ?<br>
FIG2
DIFF 3
FORMULA NaClO
FORMHTM NaClO
ANION [ClO]-
CENTRAL ACl  
Q1 &nbsp;&nbsp;What is the Lewis structure of the related hypochlorous acid?<br>
FIG1 none
Q2 &nbsp;&nbsp;How does the oxidizing power and base strength compare with<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the other chlorine oxyanions?<br>
FIG2 
DIFF 3
FORMULA XeO4
FORMHTM XeO<sub><small>4</small></sub>
NEUTRAL
CENTRAL NXe  
Q1 &nbsp;&nbsp;Which of the geometries shown do you think is most probable?<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(Bond orders and lone pairs, if any, are not shown)<br>
FIG1 XeO4_isomers.gif
Q2 &nbsp;&nbsp;How many d-orbitals are required to account for the four &pi;-bonds<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;in this molecule using the valence bond theory model?<br>
FIG2 
DIFF 3
FORMULA CO
FORMHTM CO
NEUTRAL
CENTRAL NC   
Q1 &nbsp;&nbsp;The species CO, N<sub><small>2</small></sub> and BN are isoelectronic, and should all have<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a triple bond. Which might be the hardest to study experimentally<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to prove this?<br>
FIG1 none
Q2 &nbsp;&nbsp;Which end of the :C&equiv;O: molecule should show the stronger<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Lewis base behaviour?<br>
FIG2 
DIFF 3
FORMULA O3
FORMHTM O<sub><small>3</small></sub>
NEUTRAL
CENTRAL NO  + 
Q1 &nbsp;&nbsp;What is the average oxygen oxygen bond order in ozone?<br>
FIG1 none
Q2 &nbsp;&nbsp;Dioxygen is paramagnetic. Is ozone, too?<br>
FIG2 
DIFF 3
FORMULA [NO3]-
FORMHTM [NO<sub><small>3</small></sub>]<sup><small>&minus;</small></sup>
NEUTRAL
CENTRAL AN  +  
Q1 &nbsp;&nbsp;What is the average nitrogen oxygen bond order in this ion?<br>
FIG1 none
Q2 &nbsp;&nbsp;Give the formulae of two species isoelectronic with NO<sub><small>3</small></sub><sup><small>&minus;</small></sup>.
FIG2 
DIFF 2
FORMULA NaClO2
FORMHTM NaClO<sub><small>2</small></sub>
ANION [ClO2]-
CENTRAL ACl  
Q1 &nbsp;&nbsp;Which of the geometries shown do you think is most probable?<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(Bond orders and lone pairs, if any, are not shown)<br>
FIG1 ClO2-_isomers.gif
Q2 &nbsp;&nbsp;How does the oxidizing power and base strength compare with<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the other chlorine oxyanions?<br>
FIG2 
DIFF 2
FORMULA [PO4]3-
FORMHTM [PO<sub><small>4</small></sub>]<sup><small>3-</small></sup>
NEUTRAL
CENTRAL AP   
Q1 &nbsp;&nbsp;Which of the geometries shown do you think is most probable?<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(Bond orders and lone pairs, if any, are not shown)<br>
FIG1 PO43-_isomers.gif
Q2 &nbsp;&nbsp;What is the average phosphorus oxygen bond order in your<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;structure of this ion?<br>
FIG2 
DIFF 2
FORMULA CaSO4
FORMHTM CaSO<sub><small>4</small></sub>
ANION [SO4]2-
CENTRAL AS   
Q1 &nbsp;&nbsp;Which of the geometries shown do you think is most probable?<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(Bond orders and lone pairs, if any, are not shown)<br>
FIG1 SO42-_isomers.gif
Q2 &nbsp;&nbsp;What is the average sulphur oxygen bond order in your <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;structure of this ion?<br>
FIG2 
DIFF 2
FORMULA SO2Cl2
FORMHTM SO<sub><small>2</small></sub>Cl<sub><small>2</small></sub>
NEUTRAL
CENTRAL NS   
Q1 &nbsp;&nbsp;Which of the geometries shown do you think is most probable?<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(Bond orders and lone pairs, if any, are not shown)<br>
FIG1 SO2Cl2_isomers.gif
Q2 &nbsp;&nbsp;What is this molecule called; sulphuryl chloride or thionyl chloride?<br>
FIG2 
DIFF 2
FORMULA SOCl2
FORMHTM SOCl<sub><small>2</small></sub>
NEUTRAL
CENTRAL NS   
Q1 &nbsp;&nbsp;Which of the geometries shown do you think is most probable?<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(Bond orders and lone pairs, if any, are not shown)<br>
FIG1 SOCl2_isomers.gif
Q2 &nbsp;&nbsp;What is this molecule called, thionyl chloride or sulphuryl chloride?<br>
FIG2 
DIFF 2
FORMULA SO2
FORMHTM SO<sub><small>2</small></sub>
NEUTRAL
CENTRAL NS   
Q1 &nbsp;&nbsp;Is this molecule the same shape as CO<sub><small>2</small></sub>?<br>
FIG1 none
Q2 &nbsp;&nbsp;Draw a Lewis structure where the S has an octet.<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Is the sulphur oxygen bond order increased or decreased by<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;contribution from this form?<br>
FIG2 
DIFF 2
FORMULA [SbF6]-
FORMHTM [SbF<sub><small>6</small></sub>]<sup><small>&minus;</small></sup>
NEUTRAL
CENTRAL ASb - 
Q1 &nbsp;&nbsp;Why is the representation of the SbF<sub><small>6</small></sub><sup><small>&minus</small></sup> ion on the right<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;perhaps to be preferred?<br>
FIG1 SbF6-_representation.gif
Q2 &nbsp;&nbsp;Are the following both isoelectronic with SbF<sub><small>6</small></sub><sup><small>&minus;</small></sup> ?<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; GeF<sub><small>6</small></sub><sup><small>2&minus;</small></sup> and SF<sub><small>6</small></sub><br>
FIG2 
DIFF 2
FORMULA PF5
FORMHTM PF<sub><small>5</small></sub>
NEUTRAL
CENTRAL NP   
Q1 &nbsp;&nbsp;Which of the geometries shown (name them) do you think is<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; most probable?<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(Bond orders and lone pairs, if any, are not shown)<br>
FIG1 PF5_isomers.gif
Q2 &nbsp;&nbsp;We might expect to detect two different kinds of fluorine<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;in this molecule, but we do not. Explain.<br>
FIG2 
DIFF 2
FORMULA SeF6
FORMHTM SeF<sub><small>6</small></sub>
NEUTRAL
CENTRAL NSe  
Q1 &nbsp;&nbsp;Which of the geometries shown (name them) do you think is<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; most probable?<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(Bond orders and lone pairs, if any, are not shown)<br>
FIG1 SeF6_isomers.gif
Q2 &nbsp;&nbsp;In which of the structures are the fluorines chemically equivalent?<br>
FIG2 
DIFF 2
FORMULA RbClO3
FORMHTM RbClO<sub><small>3</small></sub>
ANION [ClO3]-
CENTRAL ACl  
Q1 &nbsp;&nbsp;Which of the geometries shown do you think is most probable?<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(Bond orders and lone pairs, if any, are not shown)<br>
FIG1 ClO3-_isomers.gif
Q2 &nbsp;&nbsp;How does the oxidizing power and base strength compare with<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the other chlorine oxyanions?<br>
FIG2 
DIFF 2
FORMULA [ClO]-
FORMHTM [ClO]<sup><small>&minus;</small></sup>
NEUTRAL
CENTRAL ACl  
Q1 &nbsp;&nbsp;Where will the proton attach in the free acid?<br>
FIG1 none
Q2 &nbsp;&nbsp;How does the oxidizing power and acid strength of HOCl compare with<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the other chlorine oxyacids?<br>
FIG2 1
DIFF 2
FORMULA KClO4
FORMHTM KClO<sub><small>4</small></sub>
ANION [ClO4]-
CENTRAL ACl  
Q1 &nbsp;&nbsp;Which of the geometries shown do you think is most probable?<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(Bond orders and lone pairs, if any, are not shown)<br> 
FIG1 ClO4-_isomers.gif
Q2 &nbsp;&nbsp;What is the chlorine oxygen bond order in this ion?<br>
FIG2 
DIFF 2
FORMULA [NO]+
FORMHTM [NO]<sup><small>+</small></sup>
NEUTRAL
CENTRAL NN    
Q1 &nbsp;&nbsp;Is this ion isoelectronic with O<sub><small>2</small></sub> or N<sub><small>2</small></sub>?<br>
FIG1 none
Q2 &nbsp;&nbsp;As a ligand with transition metal ions, and unlike CO, <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;NO has twobonding modes. What are they?<br>
FIG2 
DIFF 2
FORMULA [NO2]-
FORMHTM [NO<sub><small>2</small></sub>]<sup><small>&minus;</small></sup>
NEUTRAL
CENTRAL AN   
Q1 &nbsp;&nbsp;Which of the geometries shown do you think is most probable?<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(Bond orders and lone pairs, if any, are not shown)<br> 
FIG1 NO2-_isomers.gif
Q2 &nbsp;&nbsp;What is the nitrogen oxygen bond order?<br>
FIG2 
DIFF 2
FORMULA COCl2
FORMHTM COCl<sub><small>2</small></sub>
NEUTRAL
CENTRAL NC   
Q1 &nbsp;&nbsp;Which of the geometries shown do you think is most probable?<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(Bond orders and lone pairs, if any, are not shown)<br> 
FIG1 COCl2_isomers.gif
Q2 &nbsp;&nbsp;Why is this compound sometimes called phosgene?<br>
FIG2 
DIFF 2
FORMULA [PO3]3-
FORMHTM [PO<sub><small>3</small></sub>]<sup><small>3&minus;</small></sup>
NEUTRAL
CENTRAL AP   
Q1 &nbsp;&nbsp;Which of the geometries shown do you think is most probable?<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(Bond orders and lone pairs, if any, are not shown)<br> 
FIG1 PO33-_isomers.gif
Q2 &nbsp;&nbsp;Although you just drew its structure, PO<sub><small>3</small></sub><sup><small>3&minus;</small></sup> is not known to exist!<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;What is (hypo)phosphite, the anion of H<sub><small>3</small></sub>PO<sub><small>3</small></sub>?<br>
FIG2 
DIFF 2
FORMULA POCl3
FORMHTM POCl<sub><small>3</small></sub>
NEUTRAL
CENTRAL NP   
Q1 &nbsp;&nbsp;Which of the geometries shown do you think is most probable?<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(Bond orders and lone pairs, if any, are not shown)<br>
FIG1 POCl3_isomers.gif
Q2 &nbsp;&nbsp;Can you predict the detailed distortion of the geometry<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;away from the idealized one you chose?<br>
FIG2 
DIFF 2
FORMULA [AlF6]3-
FORMHTM [AlF<sub><small>6</small></sub>]<sup><small>3&minus;</small></sup>
NEUTRAL
CENTRAL AAl3-
Q1 &nbsp;&nbsp;Which of the geometries shown do you think is most probable?<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(Bond orders and lone pairs, if any, are not shown)<br>
FIG1 AlF63-_isomers.gif
Q2 &nbsp;&nbsp;A salt of this ion is involved in the electrolytic manufacture <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;of aluminum. What is its common name?<br> 
FIG2 
DIFF 2
FORMULA BF3
FORMHTM BF<sub><small>3</small></sub>
NEUTRAL
CENTRAL NB   
Q1 &nbsp;&nbsp;Which is the stronger Lewis acid, BF<sub><small>3</small></sub> or BCl<sub><small>3</small></sub>?<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(This is connected to the degree to which the octet rule is <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;satisfied in the two compounds.)<br>
FIG1 none
Q2 &nbsp;&nbsp;BF<sub><small>3</small></sub> is a monomeric gas at STP. What is AlF<sub><small>3</small></sub>?<br>
FIG2 
DIFF 2
FORMULA OF2
FORMHTM OF<sub><small>2</small></sub>
NEUTRAL
CENTRAL NO   
Q1 &nbsp;&nbsp;Which do you expect to have the larger bond angle, H<sub><small>2</small></sub>O or OF<sub><small>2</small></sub>?<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Explain.<br>
FIG1 none
Q2 &nbsp;&nbsp;Which do you expect to have the larger dipole moment, H<sub><small>2</small></sub>O or OF<sub><small>2</small></sub>?<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Explain.<br>
FIG2 
DIFF 2
FORMULA O2
FORMHTM O<sub><small>2</small></sub>
NEUTRAL
CENTRAL NO   
Q1 &nbsp;&nbsp;Does the Lewis theory used here correctly represent O<sub><small>2</small></sub>? Explain<br>
FIG1 none
Q2 &nbsp;&nbsp;Why is liquid oxygen pale blue?<br>
FIG2 
DIFF 2
FORMULA NH4Cl
FORMTHM NH<sub><small>4</small></sub>Cl
CATION [NH4]+
CENTRAL CN  + 
Q1 &nbsp;&nbsp;Compounds containing NH<sub><small>4</small></sub><sup><small>+</small></sup> are often similar to group I compounds.<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Where does NH<sub><small>4</small></sub><sup><small>+</small></sup> fall in the series on the basis of its effective radius?<br>
FIG1 none
Q2 &nbsp;&nbsp;When NH<sub><small>4</small></sub>Cl is dissolved in water, will the solution be acid or basic?<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Explain.<br>
FIG2 
DIFF 2
FORMULA [N3]-
FORMHTM N<sub><small>3</small></sub><sup><small>&minus;</small></sup>
NEUTRAL
CENTRAL AN  + 
Q1 &nbsp;&nbsp;Which diagram corresponds to the structure of azide ion, N<sub><small>3</small></sub><sup><small>&minus;</small></sup><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(Bond orders and lone pairs, if any, are not shown)<br> 
FIG1 N3-_isomers.gif
Q2 &nbsp;&nbsp;Is the azide ion, N<sub><small>3</small></sub><sup><small>&minus;</small></sup> isoelectronic with CO<sub><small>2</small></sub> or O<sub><small>3</small></sub> or neither?<br>
FIG2 
DIFF 2
FORMULA NH3
FORMHTM NH<sub><small>3</small></sub>
NEUTRAL
CENTRAL NN     
Q1 &nbsp;&nbsp;Which of the diagrams best represents the shape of NH<sub><small>3</small></sub>?<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(Bond orders and lone pairs, if any, are not shown)<br>
FIG1 NH3_representations.gif
Q2 &nbsp;&nbsp;Are the H-N-H bond angles equal to, less than, or greater <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;than 109.5<sup><small>o</small></sup>? Explain.<br>
FIG2 
DIFF 2
FORMULA [CO3]2-
FORMHTM CO<sub><small>3</small></sub><sup><small>2&minus;</small></sup>
NEUTRAL
CENTRAL AC   
Q1 &nbsp;&nbsp;Which of the diagrams best represents the shape of CO<sub><small>3</small></sub><sup><small>2&minus;</small></sup>?<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(Bond orders and lone pairs, if any, are not shown)<br>
FIG1 CO32-_representations.gif
Q2 &nbsp;&nbsp;What is the carbon oxygen bond order in this ion?<br>
FIG2 
DIFF 2
FORMULA CO2
FORMHTM CO<sub><small>2</small></sub>
NEUTRAL
CENTRAL NC   
Q1 &nbsp;&nbsp;Which diagram corresponds to the structure of carbon dioxide?<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(Bond orders and lone pairs, if any, are not shown)<br> 
FIG1 CO2_isomers.gif
Q2 &nbsp;&nbsp;Is CO<sub><small>2</small></sub> isoelectronic and isostructural with N<sub><small>3</small></sub><sup><small>&minus;</small></sup> and/or O<sub><small>3</small></sub>?<br>
FIG2 
DIFF 2
FORMULA H2O
FORMHTM H<sub><small>2</small></sub>O
NEUTRAL
CENTRAL NO   
Q1 &nbsp;&nbsp;Is the H-O-H bond angle equal to, less than, or greater <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;than 109.5<sup><small>o</small></sup>? Explain.<br>
FIG1 none
Q2 &nbsp;&nbsp;Which do you expect to have the larger dipole moment, H<sub><small>2</small></sub>O or OF<sub><small>2</small></sub>?<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Explain.<br>
FIG2 
DIFF 1
FORMULA [ClO2]-
FormHTM ClO<sub><small>2</small></sub><sup><small>&minus;</small></sup>
NEUTRAL
CENTRAL ACl  
Q1 &nbsp;&nbsp;Is ClO<sub><small>2</small></sub><sup><small>&minus;</small></sup> a stronger or weaker base than ClO<sub><small>3</small></sub><sup><small>&minus;</small></sup>?<br>
FIG1 none
Q2 &nbsp;&nbsp;Is ClO<sub><small>2</small></sub><sup><small>&minus;</small></sup> a stronger or weaker oxidant than ClO<sub><small>3</small></sub><sup><small>&minus;</small></sup>?<br>
FIG2 
DIFF 1
FORMULA [ClO3]-
FORMHTM ClO<sub><small>3</small></sub><sup><small>&minus;</small></sup>
NEUTRAL
CENTRAL ACl  
Q1 &nbsp;&nbsp;Which of the geometries shown do you think is most probable?<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(Bond orders and lone pairs, if any, are not shown)<br>
FIG1 ClO3-_isomers.gif
Q2 &nbsp;&nbsp;How does the oxidizing power and base strength compare with<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the other chlorine oxyacids?<br>
FIG2 
DIFF 1
FORMULA [ClO4]-
FORMHTM ClO<sub><small>4</small></sub><sup><small>&minus;</small></sup>
NEUTRAL
CENTRAL ACl  
Q1 &nbsp;&nbsp;Which of the geometries shown do you think is most probable?<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(Bond orders and lone pairs, if any, are not shown)<br> 
FIG1 ClO4-_isomers.gif
Q2 &nbsp;&nbsp;What is the chlorine oxygen bond order in this ion?<br>
FIG2 
DIFF 1
FORMULA [AlBr4]-
FORMHTM [AlBr<sub><small>4</small></sub>]<sup><small>&minus;</small></sup>
NEUTRAL
CENTRAL AAl- 
Q1 &nbsp;&nbsp;Which of the geometries shown do you think is most probable?<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(Bond orders and lone pairs, if any, are not shown)<br>
FIG1 AlBr4-_isomers.gif
Q2 &nbsp;&nbsp;What is the structure of the molecule with <i>empirical</i> formula AlBr<sub><small>3</small></sub>?<br>
FIG2 
DIFF 1
FORMULA NOCl
FORMHTM NOCl
NEUTRAL
CENTRAL NN   
Q1 &nbsp;&nbsp;Which of the geometries shown do you think is most realistic?<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(Bond orders and lone pairs, if any, are not shown)<br>
FIG1 NOCl_isomers.gif
Q2 &nbsp;&nbsp;What change from the ideal angle shown for your chosen<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;structure is expected? Explain.<br>
FIG2 
DIFF 1
FORMULA BeH2
FORMHTM BeH<sub><small>2</small></sub>
NEUTRAL
CENTRAL NBe  
Q1 &nbsp;&nbsp;Do you expect this molecule to be a Lewis acid, or a Lewis base?<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Explain.<br>
FIG1 none
Q2 &nbsp;&nbsp;What product would you expect from the reaction of BeH<sub><small>2</small></sub> with NH<sub><small>3</small></sub>?<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Explain. 
FIG2 
DIFF 1
FORMULA PF3
FORMHTM PF<sub><small>3</small></sub>
NEUTRAL
CENTRAL NP   
Q1 &nbsp;&nbsp;Which of the geometries shown do you think is most realistic?<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(Bond orders and lone pairs, if any, are not shown)<br>
FIG1 PF3_isomers.gif
Q2 &nbsp;&nbsp;Why is PF<sub><small>3</small></sub> a weaker Lewis base than P(CH<sub><small>3</small></sub>)<sub><small>3</small></sub>?<br>
FIG2 
DIFF 1
FORMULA [BH4]-
FORMHTM BH<sub><small>4</small></sub><sup><small>&minus;</small></sup>
NEUTRAL
CENTRAL AB  - 
Q1 &nbsp;&nbsp;Which of the diagrams best represents the shape of BH<sub><small>4</small></sub><sup><small>&minus;</small></sup>?<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(Bond orders and lone pairs, if any, are not shown)<br>
FIG1 BH4-_isomers.gif
Q2 &nbsp;&nbsp;Which species is isoelectronic with BH<sub><small>4</small></sub><sup><small>&minus;</small></sup> ?<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; CH<sub><small>4</small></sub><sup><small>&minus;<small></sup>,  CH<sub><small>4</small></sub>,  or CH<sub><small>4</small></sub><sup><small>+</small></sup><br>
FIG2 
DIFF 1
FORMULA [SO3]2-
FORMHTM [SO<sub><small>3</small></sub>]<sup><small>2-</small></sup>
NEUTRAL
CENTRAL AS   
Q1 &nbsp;&nbsp;Which of the diagrams best represents the shape of SO<sub><small>3</small></sub><sup><small>2&minus;</small></sup> ?<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(Bond orders and lone pairs, if any, are not shown)<br>
FIG1 SO32-_isomers.gif
Q2 &nbsp;&nbsp;How does the geometry of SO<sub><small>3</small></sub> differ from that of SO<sub><small>3</small></sub><sup><small>2&minus;</small></sup> ?<br>
FIG2 
DIFF 1
FORMULA [SO4]2-
FORMHTM [SO<sub><small>4</small></sub>]<sup><small>2-</small></sup>
NEUTRAL
CENTRAL AS   
Q1 &nbsp;&nbsp;Which of the geometries shown do you think is most probable?<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(Bond orders and lone pairs, if any, are not shown)<br>
FIG1 SO42-_isomers.gif
Q2 &nbsp;&nbsp;What is the average sulphur oxygen bond order in your <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;structure of this ion?<br>
FIG2 
DIFF 1
FORMULA [NH4]+
FORMHTM NH<sub><small>4</small></sub><sup><small>+</small></sup>
NEUTRAL
CENTRAL CN  + 
Q1 &nbsp;&nbsp;Which of the diagrams best represents the shape of NH<sub><small>4</small></sub><sup><small>&minus;</small></sup> ?<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(Bond orders and lone pairs, if any, are not shown)<br>
FIG1 NH4+_isomers.gif
Q2 &nbsp;&nbsp;Are BH<sub><small>4</small></sub><sup><small>&minus;</small></sup> and CH<sub><small>4</small></sub> both isoelectronic with NH<sub><small>4</small></sub><sup><small>+</small></sup>  ?<br>
FIG2 
DIFF 1
FORMULA SCl2
FORMHTM SCl<sub><small>2</small></sub>
NEUTRAL
CENTRAL NS   
Q1 &nbsp;&nbsp;Which of the geometries shown do you think is most probable?<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br>
FIG1 SCl2_isomers.gif
Q2 &nbsp;&nbsp;What is the average sulphur chlorine bond order in your <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;structure of this molecule?<br>
FIG2 
DIFF 5
FORMULA Na2SO4
FORMHTM Na<sub><small>2</small></sub>SO<sub><small>4</small></sub>
ANION [SO4]2-
CENTRAL NS   
Q1 &nbsp;&nbsp;Which of the geometries shown do you think is most probable?<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(Bond orders and lone pairs, if any, are not shown)<br>
FIG1 SO42-_isomers.gif
Q2 &nbsp;&nbsp;What is the average sulphur oxygen bond order in your <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;structure of this ion?<br>
FIG2 
DIFF 5
FORMULA SNF3
FORMHTM SNF<sub><small>3</small></sub>
NEUTRAL 
CENTRAL NS    
Q1 &nbsp;&nbsp;Which of the geometries shown do you think is most probable?<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(Bond orders and lone pairs, if any, are not shown)<br>
FIG1 SNF3_isomers.gif
Q2 &nbsp;&nbsp;For your chosen geometry, will the actual N-S-F angles be<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;smaller or greater than the "ideal" values?<br>
FIG2 
DIFF 5
FORMULA SOF4
FORMHTM SOF<sub><small>4</small></sub>
NEUTRAL
CENTRAL NS   
Q1 &nbsp;&nbsp;Which of the geometries shown do you think is most probable?<br>
FIG1 SOF4_isomers.gif
Q2 &nbsp;&nbsp;Show on a diagram how the angles might be distorted<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;from their ideal values.<br>
FIG2
DIFF 5
FORMULA ClO2F3
FORMHTM ClO<sub><small>2</small></sub>F<sub><small>3</small></sub>
NEUTRAL
CENTRAL NCl   
Q1 &nbsp;&nbsp;Which of the geometries shown do you think is most probable?<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(Bond orders and lone pairs, if any, are not shown)<br>
FIG1 ClO2F3_isomers.gif
Q2 &nbsp;&nbsp;Show on a diagram how the angles might be distorted<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;from their ideal values.<br>
FIG2
DIFF 5
FORMULA XeOF4
FORMHTM XeOF<sub><small>4</small></sub>
NEUTRAL
CENTRAL NXe   
Q1 &nbsp;&nbsp;Which of the geometries shown is most probable?<br>
FIG1 XeOF4_isomers.gif
Q2 &nbsp;&nbsp;Show on a diagram how the angles might be distorted<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;from their ideal values.<br>
FIG2
DIFF 5
FORMULA XeO3F2
FORMHTM XeO<sub><small>3</small></sub>F<sub><small>2</small></sub>
NEUTRAL
CENTRAL NXe   
Q1 &nbsp;&nbsp;Which of the geometries shown is most probable?<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(Bond orders and lone pairs, if any, are not shown)<br>
FIG1 XeO3F2_isomers.gif
Q2 &nbsp;&nbsp;Show on a diagram how the angles might be distorted<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;from their ideal values.<br>
FIG2 
DIFF 5
FORMULA PF4Cl
FORMHTM PF<sub><small>4</small></sub>Cl
NEUTRAL
CENTRAL NP   
Q1 &nbsp;&nbsp;Which of the geometries shown is most probable?<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(Bond orders and lone pairs, if any, are not shown)<br>
FIG1 PF4Cl_isomers.gif
Q2 &nbsp;&nbsp;Show on a diagram how the angles might be distorted<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;from their ideal values.<br>
FIG2 
DIFF 5
FORMULA PF3Cl2
FORMHTM PF<sub><small>3</small></sub>Cl<sub><small>2</small></sub>
NEUTRAL
CENTRAL NP   
Q1 &nbsp;&nbsp;Which of the geometries shown is most probable?<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(Bond orders and lone pairs, if any, are not shown)<br>
FIG1 PF3Cl2_isomers.gif
Q2 &nbsp;&nbsp;Show on a diagram how the angles might be distorted<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;from their ideal values.<br>
FIG2 
DIFF 5
FORMULA PF2Cl3
FORMHTM PF<sub><small>2</small></sub>Cl<sub><small>3</small></sub>
NEUTRAL
CENTRAL NP    
Q1 &nbsp;&nbsp;Which of the geometries shown is most probable?<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(Bond orders and lone pairs, if any, are not shown)<br>
FIG1 PF2Cl3_isomers.gif
Q2 &nbsp;&nbsp;Show on a diagram how the angles might be distorted<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;from their ideal values.<br>
FIG2 
