DIFF 5 FORMULA TeF4 FORMHTM TeF₄ NEUTRAL CENTRAL NTe Q1   Which of the 3 geometries shown are equivalent?
FIG1 TeF4_isomers.gif Q2   Which geometry is observed for this compound? Explain.
FIG2 DIFF 5 FORMULA [ClF4]- FORMHTM [ClF₄]⁻ NEUTRAL CENTRAL ACl - Q1   Which of the the three geometries shown are equivalent?
FIG1 ClF4-_isomers.gif Q2   Which geometry represents that of [ClF₄]^- ?
FIG2 DIFF 5 FORMULA [AsF4]- FORMHTM [AsF₄]⁻ NEUTRAL CENTRAL AAs - Q1   Which of the three geometries shown are equivalent?
FIG1 AsF4-_isomers.gif Q2   Which is the most probable geometry of [AsF4]− ?
FIG2 DIFF 4 FORMULA KNO3 FORMHTM KNO₃ ANION [NO3]- CENTRAL AN + Q1   Is the [NO₃]⁻ ion isoelectronic with [CO₃]^2- and [SO₃]^2- ?
FIG1 none Q2   Give another molecule or ion which is isoelectronic with nitrate.
R2 DIFF 4 FORMULA XeF4 FORMHTM XeF₄ NEUTRAL CENTRAL NXe Q1   Which diagrams show identical geometries?
FIG1 XeF4_isomers.gif Q2   Which of the geometries would XeF₄ adopt ?
FIG2 DIFF 4 FORMULA XeF2 FORMHTM XeF₂ NEUTRAL CENTRAL NXe Q1   Are the three diagrams shown as possible geometries all different?
FIG1 XeF2_isomers.gif Q2   Which diagram(s) best represent the prefered structure of XeF₂?
FIG2 DIFF 4 FORMULA IF3 FORMHTM IF₃ NEUTRAL CENTRAL NI Q1   Which of the geometries shown do you think is most probable?
          (Bond orders and lone pairs, if any, are not shown)
FIG1 IF3_isomers.gif Q2   Will the smallest F-I-F angle of your chosen structure really be
          equal to 90^o, or less than 90^o, or greater than 90^o ?
FIG2 DIFF 4 FORMULA [BrCl2]- FORMHTM [BrCl₂]⁻ NEUTRAL CENTRAL ABr - Q1   Which of the geometries shown do you think is most probable?
          (Bond orders and lone pairs, if any, are not shown)
FIG1 BrCl2-_isomers.gif Q2   Will the Cl-Br-Cl angle of your chosen structure really be equal to
         the angle shown?
FIG2 DIFF 4 FORMULA [HPO3]2- FORMHTM [HPO₃]^2- NEUTRAL CENTRAL AP Q1   What is the formal oxidation state of the phosphorus in this ion?
FIG1 none Q2   What is the phosphorus - oxygen bond order in your Lewis structure?
FIG2 3 DIFF 3 FORMULA NaNO2 FORMHTM NaNO₂ ANION [NO2]- CENTRAL AN Q1   Is this ion isoelectronic with CO₂ or O₃?
FIG1 none Q2   Distinguish between the terms "nitro" and "nitroso".
FIG2 DIFF 3 FORMULA SO3 FORMHTM SO₃ NEUTRAL CENTRAL NS Q1   This molecule is the same shape as [CO₃]^2- but are they isoelectronic?
FIG1 none Q2   How about the compound with empirical formula PO₃?
FIG2 DIFF 3 FORMULA NaClO FORMHTM NaClO ANION [ClO]- CENTRAL ACl Q1   What is the Lewis structure of the related hypochlorous acid?
FIG1 none Q2   How does the oxidizing power and acid strength compare with
         the other chlorine oxyacids?
FIG2 DIFF 3 FORMULA XeO4 FORMHTM XeO₄ NEUTRAL CENTRAL NXe Q1   Which of the geometries shown do you think is most probable?
          (Bond orders and lone pairs, if any, are not shown)
FIG1 XeO4_isomers.gif Q2   How many d-orbitals are required to account for the four π-bonds
          in this molecule using the valence bond theory model?
FIG2 DIFF 3 FORMULA CO FORMHTM CO NEUTRAL CENTRAL NC Q1   The species CO, N₂ and BN are isoelectronic, and should all have
          a triple bond. Which might be the hardest to study experimentally
          to prove this?
FIG1 none Q2   Which end of the :C≡O: molecule should show the stronger
          Lewis base behaviour?
FIG2 DIFF 3 FORMULA O3 FORMHTM O₃ NEUTRAL CENTRAL NO + Q1   What is the average oxygen oxygen bond order in ozone?
FIG1 none Q2   Dioxygen is paramagnetic. Is ozone, too?
FIG2 DIFF 3 FORMULA [NO3]- FORMHTM [NO₃]⁻ NEUTRAL CENTRAL AN + Q1   What is the average nitrogen oxygen bond order in this ion?
FIG1 none Q2   Give the formulae of two species isoelectronic with NO₃⁻. FIG2 DIFF 2 FORMULA NaClO2 FORMHTM NaClO₂ ANION [ClO2]- CENTRAL ACl Q1   Which of the geometries shown do you think is most probable?
          (Bond orders and lone pairs, if any, are not shown)
FIG1 ClO2-_isomers.gif Q2   How does the oxidizing power and acid strength compare with
         the other chlorine oxyacids?
FIG2 DIFF 2 FORMULA [PO4]3- FORMHTM [PO₄]^3- NEUTRAL CENTRAL AP Q1   Which of the geometries shown do you think is most probable?
          (Bond orders and lone pairs, if any, are not shown)
FIG1 PO43-_isomers.gif Q2   What is the average phosphorus oxygen bond order in your
          structureof this ion?
FIG2 DIFF 2 FORMULA CaSO4 FORMHTM CaSO₄ ANION [SO4]2- CENTRAL AS Q1   Which of the geometries shown do you think is most probable?
          (Bond orders and lone pairs, if any, are not shown)
FIG1 SO42-_isomers.gif Q2   What is the average sulphur oxygen bond order in your
          structure of this ion?
FIG2 DIFF 2 FORMULA SO2Cl2 FORMHTM SO₂Cl₂ NEUTRAL CENTRAL NS Q1   Which of the geometries shown do you think is most probable?
          (Bond orders and lone pairs, if any, are not shown)
FIG1 SO2Cl2_isomers.gif Q2   What is this molecule called; sulphuryl chloride or thionyl chloride?
FIG2 DIFF 2 FORMULA SOCl2 FORMHTM SOCl₂ NEUTRAL CENTRAL NS Q1   Which of the geometries shown do you think is most probable?
          (Bond orders and lone pairs, if any, are not shown)
FIG1 SOCl2_isomers.gif Q2   What is this molecule called, thionyl chloride or sulphuryl chloride?
FIG2 DIFF 2 FORMULA SO2 FORMHTM SO₂ NEUTRAL CENTRAL NS Q1   Is this molecule the same shape as CO₂?
FIG1 none Q2   Draw a Lewis structure where the S has an octet.
          Is the sulphur oxygen bond order increased or decreased by
          contribution from this form?
FIG2 DIFF 2 FORMULA [SbF6]- FORMHTM [SbF₆]⁻ NEUTRAL CENTRAL ASb - Q1   Why is the representation of the AsF₆^&minus ion on the right
          perhaps to be preferred?
FIG1 SbF6-_representation.gif Q2   Are the following both isoelectronic with SbF₆⁻ ?
                GeF₆²⁻ and SF₆
FIG2 DIFF 2 FORMULA PF5 FORMHTM PF₅ NEUTRAL CENTRAL NP Q1   Which of the geometries shown (name them) do you think is
           most probable?
          (Bond orders and lone pairs, if any, are not shown)
FIG1 PF5_isomers.gif Q2   We might expect to detect two different kinds of fluorine
          in this molecule, but we do not. Explain.
FIG2 DIFF 2 FORMULA SeF6 FORMHTM SeF₆ NEUTRAL CENTRAL NSe Q1   Which of the geometries shown (name them) do you think is
           most probable?
          (Bond orders and lone pairs, if any, are not shown)
FIG1 SeF6_isomers.gif Q2   In which of the structures are the fluorines chemically equivalent?
FIG2 DIFF 2 FORMULA RbClO3 FORMHTM RbClO₃ ANION [ClO3]- CENTRAL ACl Q1   Which of the geometries shown do you think is most probable?
          (Bond orders and lone pairs, if any, are not shown)
FIG1 ClO3-_isomers.gif Q2   How does the oxidizing power and acid strength compare with
         the other chlorine oxyacids?
FIG2 DIFF 2 FORMULA [ClO]- FORMHTM [ClO]⁻ NEUTRAL CENTRAL ACl Q1   Where will the proton attach in the free acid?
FIG1 none Q2   How does the oxidizing power and acid strength compare with
         the other chlorine oxyacids?
FIG2 1 DIFF 2 FORMULA KClO4 FORMHTM KClO₄ ANION [ClO4]- CENTRAL ACl Q1   Which of the geometries shown do you think is most probable?
          (Bond orders and lone pairs, if any, are not shown)
FIG1 ClO4-_isomers.gif Q2   What is the chlorine oxygen bond order in this ion?
FIG2 DIFF 2 FORMULA [NO]+ FORMHTM [NO]⁺ NEUTRAL CENTRAL CN + Q1   Is this ion isoelectronic with O₂ or N₂?
FIG1 none Q2   The valence bond structure of O₂ does not match its physical
          properties. Explain.
FIG2 DIFF 2 FORMULA [NO2]- FORMHTM [NO₂]⁻ NEUTRAL CENTRAL AN Q1   Which of the geometries shown do you think is most probable?
          (Bond orders and lone pairs, if any, are not shown)
FIG1 NO2-_isomers.gif Q2  What is the nitrogen oxygen bond order?
FIG2 DIFF 2 FORMULA COCl2 FORMHTM COCl₂ NEUTRAL CENTRAL NC Q1   Which of the geometries shown do you think is most probable?
          (Bond orders and lone pairs, if any, are not shown)
FIG1 COCl2_isomers.gif Q2   Why is this compound sometimes called phosgene?
FIG2 DIFF 2 FORMULA [PO3]3- FORMHTM [PO₃]³⁻ NEUTRAL CENTRAL AP Q1   Which of the geometries shown do you think is most probable?
          (Bond orders and lone pairs, if any, are not shown)
FIG1 PO33-_isomers.gif Q2   Although you just drew its structure, PO₃³⁻ is not known to exist!
          What is (hypo)phosphite, the anion of H₃PO₃?
FIG2 DIFF 2 FORMULA POCl3 FORMHTM POCl₃ NEUTRAL CENTRAL NP Q1   Which of the geometries shown do you think is most probable?
          (Bond orders and lone pairs, if any, are not shown)
FIG1 POCl3_isomers.gif Q2   Can you predict the detailed distortion of the geometry
          away form the idealized one you chose?
FIG2 DIFF 2 FORMULA [AlF6]3- FORMHTM [AlF₆]³⁻ NEUTRAL CENTRAL AAl3- Q1   Which of the geometries shown do you think is most probable?
          (Bond orders and lone pairs, if any, are not shown)
FIG1 AlF63-_isomers.gif Q2   A salt of this ion is involved in the electrolytic manufacture
          of aluminum. What is it's common name?
FIG2 DIFF 2 FORMULA BF3 FORMHTM BF₃ NEUTRAL CENTRAL NB Q1   Which is the stronger Lewis acid, BF₃ or BCl₃?
          (This is connected to the degree to which the octet rule is
          satisfied in the two compounds.)
FIG1 none Q2   BF₃ is a monomeric gas at STP. What is AlF₃?
FIG2 DIFF 2 FORMULA OF2 FORMHTM OF₂ NEUTRAL CENTRAL NO Q1   Which do you expect to have the larger bond angle, H₂O or OF₂?
          Explain.
FIG1 none Q2   Which do you expect to have the larger dipole moment, H₂O or OF₂?
          Explain.
FIG2 DIFF 2 FORMULA O2 FORMHTM O₂ NEUTRAL CENTRAL NO Q1   Does the Lewis theory used here correctly represent O₂? Explain
FIG1 none Q2   Why is liquid oxygen pale blue?
FIG2 DIFF 2 FORMULA NH4Cl FORMTHM NH₄Cl CATION [NH4]+ CENTRAL CN + Q1   Compounds containing NH₄⁺ are often similar to group I compounds.
         Where does NH₄⁺ fall in the series on the basis of its effective radius?
FIG1 none Q2   When NH₄Cl is dissolved in water, will the solution be acid or basic?
          Explain.
FIG2 DIFF 2 FORMULA [N3]- FORMHTM N₃⁻ NEUTRAL CENTRAL AN + Q1   Which diagram corresponds to the structure of azide ion, N₃⁻
         (Bond orders and lone pairs, if any, are not shown)
FIG1 N3-_isomers.gif Q2   Is the azide ion, N₃⁻ isoelectronic with CO₂ or O₃ or neither?
FIG2 DIFF 2 FORMULA NH3 FORMHTM NH₃ NEUTRAL CENTRAL NN Q1   Which of the diagrams best represents the shape of NH₃?
          (Bond orders and lone pairs, if any, are not shown)
FIG1 NH3_representations.gif Q2   Are the H-N-H bond angles equal to, less than, or greater
          than 109.5^o? Explain.
FIG2 DIFF 2 FORMULA [CO3]2- FORMHTM CO₃²⁻ NEUTRAL CENTRAL AC Q1   Which of the diagrams best represents the shape of CO₃²⁻?
          (Bond orders and lone pairs, if any, are not shown)
FIG1 CO32-_representations.gif Q2   What is the carbon oxygen bond order in this ion?
FIG2 DIFF 2 FORMULA CO2 FORMHTM CO₂ NEUTRAL CENTRAL NC Q1   Which diagram corresponds to the structure of carbon dioxide?
         (Bond orders and lone pairs, if any, are not shown)
FIG1 CO2_isomers.gif Q2   Is CO₂ isoelectronic and isostructural with N₃⁻ and/or O₃?
FIG2 DIFF 2 FORMULA H2O FORMHTM H₂O NEUTRAL CENTRAL NO Q1   Is the H-O-H bond angle equal to, less than, or greater
          than 109.5^o? Explain.
FIG1 none Q2   Which do you expect to have the larger dipole moment, H₂O or OF₂?
          Explain.
FIG2 DIFF 1 FORMULA [ClO2]- FormHTM ClO₂⁻ NEUTRAL CENTRAL ACl Q1   Is ClO₂⁻ a stronger or weaker acid than ClO₃⁻?
FIG1 none Q2   Is ClO₂⁻ a stronger or weaker oxidant than ClO₃⁻?
FIG2 DIFF 1 FORMULA [ClO3]- FORMHTM ClO₃⁻ NEUTRAL CENTRAL ACl Q1   Which of the geometries shown do you think is most probable?
          (Bond orders and lone pairs, if any, are not shown)
FIG1 ClO3-_isomers.gif Q2   How does the oxidizing power and acid strength compare with
         the other chlorine oxyacids?
FIG2 DIFF 1 FORMULA [ClO4]- FORMHTM ClO₄⁻ NEUTRAL CENTRAL ACl Q1   Which of the geometries shown do you think is most probable?
          (Bond orders and lone pairs, if any, are not shown)
FIG1 ClO4-_isomers.gif Q2   What is the chlorine oxygen bond order in this ion?
FIG2 DIFF 1 FORMULA [AlBr4]- FORMHTM [AlBr₄]⁻ NEUTRAL CENTRAL AAl- Q1   Which of the geometries shown do you think is most probable?
          (Bond orders and lone pairs, if any, are not shown)
FIG1 AlBr4-_isomers.gif Q2   What is the structure of the molecule with empirical formula AlBr₃?
FIG2 DIFF 1 FORMULA NOCl FORMHTM NOCl NEUTRAL CENTRAL NN Q1   Which of the geometries shown do you think is most realistic?
          (Bond orders and lone pairs, if any, are not shown)
FIG1 NOCl_isomers.gif Q2   What change from the ideal angle shown for your chosen
          structure is expected? Explain.
FIG2 DIFF 1 FORMULA BeH2 FORMHTM BeH₂ NEUTRAL CENTRAL NBe Q1   Do you expect this molecule to be a Lewis acid, or a Lewis base?
         Explain.
FIG1 none Q2   What product would you expect from the reaction of BeH₂ with NH₃?
         Explain. FIG2 DIFF 1 FORMULA PF3 FORMHTM PF₃ NEUTRAL CENTRAL NP Q1   Which of the geometries shown do you think is most realistic?
          (Bond orders and lone pairs, if any, are not shown)
FIG1 PF3_isomers.gif Q2   Why is PF₃ a weaker Lewis base than P(CH₃)₃?
FIG2 DIFF 1 FORMULA [BH4]- FORMHTM BH₄⁻ NEUTRAL CENTRAL AB - Q1   Which of the diagrams best represents the shape of BH₄⁻?
          (Bond orders and lone pairs, if any, are not shown)
FIG1 BH4-_isomers.gif Q2   Which species is isoelectronic with BH₄⁻ ?
             CH₄⁻, CH₄, or CH₄⁺
FIG2 DIFF 1 FORMULA [SO3]2- FORMHTM [SO₃]^2- NEUTRAL CENTRAL AS Q1   Which of the diagrams best represents the shape of SO₃²⁻ ?
          (Bond orders and lone pairs, if any, are not shown)
FIG1 SO32-_isomers.gif Q2   How does the geometry of SO₃ differ from that of SO₃²⁻ ?
FIG2 DIFF 1 FORMULA [SO4]2- FORMHTM [SO₄]^2- NEUTRAL CENTRAL AS Q1   Which of the geometries shown do you think is most probable?
          (Bond orders and lone pairs, if any, are not shown)
FIG1 SO42-_isomers.gif Q2   What is the average sulphur oxygen bond order in your
          structure of this ion?
FIG2 DIFF 1 FORMULA [NH4]+ FORMHTM NH₄⁺ NEUTRAL CENTRAL CN + Q1   Which of the diagrams best represents the shape of NH₄⁻ ?
          (Bond orders and lone pairs, if any, are not shown)
FIG1 NH4+_isomers.gif Q2   Are BH₄⁻ and CH₄ both isoelectronic with NH₄⁺ ?
FIG2 DIFF 1 FORMULA SCl2 FORMHTM SCl₂ NEUTRAL CENTRAL NS Q1   Which of the geometries shown do you think is most probable?

FIG1 SCl2_isomers.gif Q2   What is the average sulphur chlorine bond order in your
         structure of this molecule?
FIG2 DIFF 5 FORMULA Na2SO4 FORMHTM Na₂SO₄ ANION [SO4]2- CENTRAL NS Q1   Which of the geometries shown do you think is most probable?
          (Bond orders and lone pairs, if any, are not shown)
FIG1 SO42-_isomers.gif Q2   What is the average sulphur oxygen bond order in your
          structure of this ion?
FIG2 DIFF 5 FORMULA SNF3 FORMHTM SNF₃ NEUTRAL CENTRAL NS Q1   Which of the geometries shown do you think is most probable?
          (Bond orders and lone pairs, if any, are not shown)
FIG1 SNF3_isomers.gif Q2   For your chosen geometry, will the actual N-S-F angles be
          smaller or greater than the "ideal" values?
FIG2 DIFF 5 FORMULA SOF4 FORMHTM SOF₄ NEUTRAL CENTRAL NS Q1   Which of the geometries shown do you think is most probable?
          (Bond orders and lone pairs, if any, are not shown)
FIG1 SOF4_isomers.gif Q2   Show on a diagram how the angles might be distorted
          from their ideal values.
FIG2 DIFF 5 FORMULA ClO2F3 FORMHTM ClO₂F₃ NEUTRAL CENTRAL NCl Q1   Which of the geometries shown do you think is most probable?
          (Bond orders and lone pairs, if any, are not shown)
FIG1 ClO2F3_isomers.gif Q2   Show on a diagram how the angles might be distorted
          from their ideal values.
FIG2 DIFF 5 FORMULA XeOF4 FORMHTM XeOF₄ NEUTRAL CENTRAL NXe Q1   Which of the geometries shown is most probable?
FIG1 XeOF4_isomers.gif Q2   Show on a diagram how the angles might be distorted
          from their ideal values.
FIG2 DIFF 5 FORMULA XeO3F2 FORMHTM XeO₃F₂ NEUTRAL CENTRAL NXe Q1   Which of the geometries shown is most probable?
          (Bond orders and lone pairs, if any, are not shown)
FIG1 XeO3F2_isomers.gif Q2   Show on a diagram how the angles might be distorted
          from their ideal values.
FIG2 DIFF 5 FORMULA PF4Cl FORMHTM PF₄Cl NEUTRAL CENTRAL NP Q1   Which of the geometries shown is most probable?
          (Bond orders and lone pairs, if any, are not shown)
FIG1 PF4Cl_isomers.gif Q2   Show on a diagram how the angles might be distorted
          from their ideal values.
FIG2 DIFF 5 FORMULA PF3Cl2 FORMHTM PF₃Cl₂ NEUTRAL CENTRAL NP Q1   Which of the geometries shown is most probable?
          (Bond orders and lone pairs, if any, are not shown)
FIG1 PF3Cl2_isomers.gif Q2   Show on a diagram how the angles might be distorted
          from their ideal values.
FIG2 DIFF 5 FORMULA PF2Cl3 FORMHTM PF₂Cl₃ NEUTRAL CENTRAL NP Q1   Which of the geometries shown is most probable?
          (Bond orders and lone pairs, if any, are not shown)
FIG1 PF2Cl3_isomers.gif Q2   Show on a diagram how the angles might be distorted
          from their ideal values.
FIG2