Updated Dec. 14/04  --  by Dr.Bird	#27, 47, 51, 65b have been updated to fix typos...

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NUMERICAL ANSWERS TO ASSIGNED TUTORIAL PROBLEM SETS FOR CHEM205
FROM KOTZ & TREICHEL'S CHEMISTRY & CHEMICAL REACTIVITY			
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NOTE:  none of the answers from Ch.10 have been verified 
NOTE:  "^" means "raised to the power of..." to indicate scientific notation...
NOTE:  I cannot represent superscripts/subscripts here -- so...for polyatomic ions,
       I have left a space between the ion's formula and its charge


Ch.	Q#	Comments
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10	1	The electron density of a sigma-bond is greatest 
		along the axis of the bond, while in the pi-bond, the
		is maximum in two regions on opposite sides of
		the bond axis.

10	3	sp: 180 deg; sp2: 120 deg; sp3: 180 deg.

10	5	tetrahedral: sp3
		trigonal planar: sp2
		linear: sp
		octahedra: sp3d2
		trigonal bipyramidal: sp3d

10	19	ClF2 +: :electron pair geometry: tetrahedral,
		molecular geometry bent, Cl is sp3 hybridized, 
		and two of these hybrids overlap with F 2p orbitals
		to form the 2 Cl-F bonds.

10	21	AlF4 -: The "electron pair" and molecular geometries 
		are both tetrahedral. The Al atom is sp3 hybridized,
		Each hybrid orbital overlaps with an F 2p orbital to
		form 4 Al-F bonds.

10	23	(a) CSe2: sp; (b) SO2: sp2; (c) CH2O: sp2; (d) NH4 +: sp3

10	25a	N (both, actually): sp3; C: sp2
	25b	C of CH3: sp3; C of C=C and C=O: sp2
	25c	C of C=C: sp2; C of C to N triple bond: sp

10	27a	XeOF4: "electron pair geometry": octahedral,
		molecular geometry: square pyramidal, sp3d2.
	27b	BrF5: "electron pair geometry: octahedral,
		molecular geometry: square pyramidal, sp3d2.
	27c	SOF4: "electron pair geometry: trigonal bipyramid,
		molecular geometry: trigonal bipyramidal, sp3d.
	27d	Br3 -: "electron pair geometry: trigonal bipyramid,
		molecular geometry: linear, sp3d.

10	29a	HOSO2F: 32 valence e-, "electron pair geometry" and
		molecular geometry at sulphur is tetrahedral: sp3.
	29b	SO3F -: same as part (a).

10	31	SO2F2: "electron pair geometry": tetrahedral,
		molecular geometry: tetrahedral, sp3.

10	43	ClF2 +: "electron pair geometry": tetrahedral,
		molecular geometry: bent, sp3: 109 deg.
		ClF2 -: "electron pair geometry": trigonal bipyramid,
		molecular geometry: linear, sp3d: 180 deg.

10	45	The resonance structures are in the text. They
		all have th same sp2 (trigonal) hybridization.
		The unused 2p-orbital on N is used to make the pi-bond.

10	47	CO2: hybridization: linear - sp, bond angle: 180 deg,
		C to O bond order: 2.
		CO3 2-: hybridization: trigonal - sp2, bond angle: 120 deg,
		C to O bond order: 4/3.

10	49a	CH3 carbon: sp3; C=N carbon: sp2; N atom: sp2.
	49b	C=N-O angle: 120 deg.

10	51a	Angle A = 120 deg; angle B = 109 deg (actually will be distorted because
		of lone pairs...to approx. 105 deg); angle C = 109 deg; angle D = 120 deg.
	51b	Carbon 1: sp2; carbon 2: sp2; carbon 3: sp3.

10	59	XeO3: "electron pair geometry": tetrahedral - sp3,
		molecular geometry: trigonal pyramidal.
		XeO4: "electron pair geometry": tetrahedral - sp3,
		molecular geometry: tetrahedral.

10	65a	C6 ring C atoms: sp2; side chain C atoms sp3; Natom: sp3.
	65b	angle A = 120 deg; angle B = 109 deg; angle C = 109 deg. (actually will be less...
		because of lone pair occupying more space than bonding pairs)
	65c	23 sigma-bonds and 3 pi-bonds.
	65d	The molecule is polar.
	65e	The H+ ion attaches to the most electronegative atom
		in the molecule, i.e. N.